Economic weakness across much of Europe has hit car sales, forcing the sector to address a capacity overhang. GM Chief Executive Dan Akerson estimates that manufacturers have 10 plants too many across the continent.

Though Opel, GM's European unit, has said none of its plants will go before the end of 2014, most expect the 50-year-old factory at Bochum and the Vauxhall plant at Ellesmere Port, the company's only remaining car plant in Britain, will be earmarked for closure.

Opel's supervisory board meets on Wednesday, and thousands of employees and thousands more who depend on the plants for at least some of their business fear their futures could be decided in the course of the discussions at the company's Ruesselsheim headquarters near Franfkurt.

Bochum, once home to a thriving coal and steel industry in the heart of the Ruhr basin, underwent painful restructuring as the mines shut between 1960 and 1980. More recently, phone maker Nokia closed a factory in 2008, preferring low-cost Romania. Unemployment in the city stood at 10 percent in February, compared with a national average of 7.4 percent.

"Opel is the pulse generator for the local economy," said Ernst Ulrich Doeren, managing partner of Ernst Doeren GmbH & Co KG, which packages tires for Opel and other carmakers and employs about 60 workers in Bochum. "Thousands of jobs would be lost at one stroke."

It would be at least 20,000, according to Joerg Linden, spokesman for the Bochum-based IHK chambers of commerce, including the 3,100 at the plant itself, and the rest at suppliers, transporters and the like.

"You can turn off the lights in Bochum if the factory is shut down," said Andreas Graf Praschma, a former spokesman for Opel's Bochum operations, who worked for the carmaker during major strikes in 2004 against the American owners' restructuring plans.

"I expect the plant to be shut down in 2015," said a former painter at Opel, who now works for an outplacement company on the Bochum site. "We got no pay increase whatsoever for 10 years, and now this." He did not want to be named.

"All those sacrifices on wages have been for nothing," said a 48-year-old worker who arranges parts in production and drives a forklift truck. He, too, was unwilling to be named.

"We've been coming here since 1979," said Detlef Holzhauer, 61, a schoolteacher who was visiting the factory with a party of pupils earlier this week. "Back in those days, Opel had 16,000 workers here. That shows the scale of the whole demise, and we've been watching it all happening."

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POLITICS OF CLOSURE

The Ellesmere Port plant employs about 2,800, including 700 contractors, all waiting to know if the next-generation Astra, due to start production in about 2015, will be built there.

The town, a 20-minute drive south of Liverpool, has a population of only 64,000. Its only other large employers being an oil refinery and a retail park. As in Germany's Ruhr, the industries of England's northwest have seen much better days.

"Ellesmere Port has been a very strong performing plant for GM, but it is not solely down to economics," said Peter Wells, the head of the centre for automotive industry research at Cardiff University.

"If GM feels the need to close two plants, I think politically it would be very difficult for the company to close two plants in Germany, and this fact makes Ellesmere Port much more vulnerable."

A local official for the Unite trade union, John Featherstone, said the workers were angry that their future would come down to politics, particularly since the plant had made 265 million euros ($353 million) in savings they were asked to achieve.

"It doesn't make sense," he said. "We're very bitter to even be considered."

That unease has spread along Vauxhall's supply chain.

A manager at one of its British-based suppliers, who spoke on condition he not be named, said: "We're feeling nervous because a lot of our products go into Ellesmere Port, and if we were to lose that contract it would have a huge impact on our business. We would have to cut staff ourselves if it goes."

Some have seen it all before. One retired Vauxhall employee of almost 30 years' standing, whose son still works there, said threats of closure had been routine since the plant opened in Ellesmere Port: "It's been 50 years, and ever since I started there the plant has been closing," he recalled.

"All I know is my boy tells me, 'We can't work any harder.'"

($1 = 0.7506 euros)

(Additional reporting by Rhys Jones and Andreas Cremer; Writing by Will Waterman; Editing by Alastair Macdonald)

• A Permanent Economic Emergency